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	<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Cej</id>
	<title>EM Drive - User contributions [en]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Cej"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/Special:Contributions/Cej"/>
	<updated>2026-09-10T12:57:42Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1270</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1270"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T22:06:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the '''Q factor''', '''Q value''', or just '''Q''', is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Experimenters have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]].&lt;br /&gt;
However, the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique for measuring the Q factor of closed resonant cavities outside of the EM Drive research community.{{Citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
This difference may explain why the published Q factors of EM Drives are much higher than what is considered possible outside of theory without using advanced techniques such as superconducting cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|'''Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;''']] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|'''Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;''']] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;L&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for resonant cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S12 or S21 2-port return loss.&lt;br /&gt;
See http://docs.lumerical.com/en/diffractive_optics_cavity_q_calculation.html&lt;br /&gt;
and http://www-elsa.physik.uni-bonn.de/Lehrveranstaltungen/FP-E106/E106-Erlaeuterungen.pdf (German version).&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for antennas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S11 return loss at the 3dB down bandwidth.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Main_Page/Q_Factor&amp;diff=1269</id>
		<title>Main Page/Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Main_Page/Q_Factor&amp;diff=1269"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T22:03:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: Cej moved page Main Page/Q Factor to Q Factor: consistent naming&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Q Factor]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1268</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1268"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T22:03:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: Cej moved page Main Page/Q Factor to Q Factor: consistent naming&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the '''Q factor''', '''Q value''', or just '''Q''', is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Experimenters have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]].&lt;br /&gt;
However, the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique for measuring the Q factor of closed resonant cavities outside of the EM Drive research community.{{Citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
This difference may explain why the published Q factors of EM Drives are much higher than what is considered possible outside of theory without using advanced techniques such as superconducting cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|'''Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;''']] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|'''Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;''']] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for resonant cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S12 or S21 2-port return loss.&lt;br /&gt;
See http://docs.lumerical.com/en/diffractive_optics_cavity_q_calculation.html&lt;br /&gt;
and http://www-elsa.physik.uni-bonn.de/Lehrveranstaltungen/FP-E106/E106-Erlaeuterungen.pdf (German version).&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for antennas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S11 return loss at the 3dB down bandwidth.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1262</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1262"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:54:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the '''Q factor''', '''Q value''', or just '''Q''', is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Experimenters have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]].&lt;br /&gt;
However, the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique for measuring the Q factor of closed resonant cavities outside of the EM Drive research community.{{Citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
This difference may explain why the published Q factors of EM Drives are much higher than what is considered possible outside of theory without using advanced techniques such as superconducting cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|'''Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;''']] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|'''Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;''']] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for resonant cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S12 or S21 2-port return loss.&lt;br /&gt;
See http://docs.lumerical.com/en/diffractive_optics_cavity_q_calculation.html.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for antennas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S11 return loss at the 3bd down bandwidth.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1261</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1261"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:47:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the &amp;quot;Q factor&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Q value&amp;quot;, or just &amp;quot;Q&amp;quot;, is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Experimenters have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]].&lt;br /&gt;
However, the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique for measuring the Q factor of closed resonant cavities outside of the EM Drive research community.{{Citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
This difference may explain why the published Q factors of EM Drives are much higher than what is considered possible outside of theory without using advanced techniques such as superconducting cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for resonant cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S12 or S21 2-port return loss.&lt;br /&gt;
See http://docs.lumerical.com/en/diffractive_optics_cavity_q_calculation.html.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for antennas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S11 return loss at the 3bd down bandwidth.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1260</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1260"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:46:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the &amp;quot;Q factor&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Q value&amp;quot;, or just &amp;quot;Q&amp;quot;, is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Experimenters have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]].&lt;br /&gt;
However, the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique for measuring the Q factor or closed resonant cavities outside of the EM Drive research community.{{Citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
This difference may explain why the published Q factors of EM Drives are much higher than what is considered possible outside of theory without using advanced techniques such as superconducting cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for resonant cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S12 or S21 2-port return loss.&lt;br /&gt;
See http://docs.lumerical.com/en/diffractive_optics_cavity_q_calculation.html.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for antennas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S11 return loss at the 3bd down bandwidth.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1259</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1259"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:45:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the &amp;quot;Q factor&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Q value&amp;quot;, or just &amp;quot;Q&amp;quot;, is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Publicized experiments have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]].&lt;br /&gt;
However, the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique for measuring the Q factor or closed resonant cavities outside of the EM Drive research community.{{Citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
This difference may explain why the published Q factors of EM Drives are much higher than what is considered possible outside of theory without using advanced techniques such as superconducting cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for resonant cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S12 or S21 2-port return loss.&lt;br /&gt;
See http://docs.lumerical.com/en/diffractive_optics_cavity_q_calculation.html.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for antennas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S11 return loss at the 3bd down bandwidth.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1258</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1258"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:41:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the &amp;quot;Q factor&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Q value&amp;quot;, or just &amp;quot;Q&amp;quot;, is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Publicized experiments have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]].&lt;br /&gt;
However, the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique for measuring the Q factor or closed resonant cavities outside of the EM Drive research community.{{Citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for resonant cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S12 or S21 2-port return loss.&lt;br /&gt;
See http://docs.lumerical.com/en/diffractive_optics_cavity_q_calculation.html.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for antennas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S11 return loss at the 3bd down bandwidth.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1257</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1257"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:39:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the &amp;quot;Q factor&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Q value&amp;quot;, or just &amp;quot;Q&amp;quot;, is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless, publicized experiments have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]], even though the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique outside of the EM Drive research community.{{Citation needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for resonant cavities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S12 or S21 2-port return loss.&lt;br /&gt;
See http://docs.lumerical.com/en/diffractive_optics_cavity_q_calculation.html.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is typically used for antennas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Method ===&lt;br /&gt;
Measure the S11 return loss at the 3bd down bandwidth.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1256</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1256"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:20:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the &amp;quot;Q factor&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Q value&amp;quot;, or just &amp;quot;Q&amp;quot;, is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless, publicized experiments have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]], even though the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique outside of the EM Drive research community.{{Citation needed}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is no standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1255</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1255"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:17:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the &amp;quot;Q factor&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Q value&amp;quot;, or just &amp;quot;Q&amp;quot;, is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless, publicized experiments have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]], even though the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique outside of the EM Drive research community{{citation needed}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is not standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;&amp;quot;]] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Q&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1254</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1254"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:16:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the &amp;quot;Q factor&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Q value&amp;quot;, or just &amp;quot;Q&amp;quot;, is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless, publicized experiments have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]], even though the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique outside of the EM Drive research community{{citation needed}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is not standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Ql&amp;quot;]] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Qu&amp;quot;]] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Ql) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Qu) ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1253</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1253"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:15:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: fixed section links&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the &amp;quot;Q factor&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Q value&amp;quot;, or just &amp;quot;Q&amp;quot;, is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless, publicized experiments have so far reported the [[#Unloaded Q factor|unloaded Q factor]], even though the [[#Loaded Q factor|loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique outside of the EM Drive research community{{citation needed}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is not standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use [[#Loaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Ql&amp;quot;]] to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and [[#Unloaded Q factor|&amp;quot;Qu&amp;quot;]] to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1252</id>
		<title>Q Factor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://emdrive.echothis.com/index.php?title=Q_Factor&amp;diff=1252"/>
		<updated>2015-08-26T19:06:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Cej: Added article for the Q factor, hoping to explain the controversy between the nonstandard &amp;quot;unloaded&amp;quot; Q factor used in EM Drive  experiments versus the standard &amp;quot;loaded&amp;quot; Q factor&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The quality factor, also known as the &amp;quot;Q factor&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Q value&amp;quot;, or just &amp;quot;Q&amp;quot;, is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the energy loss of a resonating cavity with respect to the energy stored in the cavity.&lt;br /&gt;
See the [[Wikipedia:Q factor|Wikipedia entry]] for a more general and detailed description.&lt;br /&gt;
There are multiple, incompatible ways to measure this parameter, and there has been considerable debate on the NSF forums as to which is most appropriate for the EM Drive.&lt;br /&gt;
Regardless, publicized experiments have so far reported the [[Q Factor#Unloaded Q factor]], even though the [[Q Factor#Loaded Q factor]] is generally considered the standard technique outside of the EM Drive research community{{citation needed}}.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is not standard notation to distinguish between the method used.&lt;br /&gt;
We use &amp;quot;Ql&amp;quot; to explicitly denote the ''loaded'' Q factor and &amp;quot;Qu&amp;quot; to denote the ''unloaded'' Q factor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Loaded Q factor (Ql) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unloaded Q factor (Qu) ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Cej</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>